There are several sections in the Longshore Act that provide for civil or criminal fines and penalties. These provisions variously apply either to claimants or employers as specified. Here’s a list of the things that you can do or not do to earn a fine or penalty.
Section 8(j)
“8(j)(1) – the employer may inform a disabled employee of his obligation to report to the employer not less than semiannually any earnings from employment or self-employment, on such forms as the Secretary shall specify in regulations.
(2) An employee who –
(A) fails to report the employee’s earnings under paragraph (1) when requested, or
(B) knowingly and willfully omits or understates any part of such earnings … forfeits his right to compensation with respect to any period during which the employee was required to file such report.”
Notes on Section 8(j):
“A disabled employee” is interpreted to mean one who is actually receiving compensation.
U.S. Department of Labor Form LS-200 is used to request reports of earnings.
Any amounts forfeited under section 8(j) are recovered by offset against future compensation as determined by the District Director.
The Longshore Act does not provide for recovery of an overpayment directly from the claimant. The only recourse for recovery is to offset the overpayment against future compensation.
Section 8(j) was added in the 1984 Amendments.
Section 14(e)
“(e) If any installment of compensation payable without an award is not paid within fourteen days after it becomes due, as provided in subdivision (b) of this section, there shall be added to such unpaid installment an amount equal to 10 per centum thereof, which shall be paid at the same time as, but in addition to, such installment … unless such nonpayment is excused by the deputy commissioner ….”
Notes on section 14(e):
The employer is not liable under section 14(e) if it timely controverts the claim under section 14(d).
“Deputy Commissioner” means District Director.
Nonpayment is excused by the District Director based on a showing by the employer of conditions beyond its control.
Section 14(f)
“(f) If any compensation, payable under the terms of an award, is not paid within ten days after it becomes due, there shall be added to such unpaid compensation an amount equal to 20 per centum thereof, which shall be paid at the same time as, but in addition to, such compensation, unless review of the compensation order making such award is had as provided in section 21 and an order staying payments has been issued by the Board or court.”
Notes on section 14(f):
“…within ten days” outside the federal Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals means 10 calendar days. Within the Fifth Circuit (states of LA, MS, TX) it means 10 business days.
There is no defense, equitable or otherwise, to the 10 day requirement of money in the claimant’s hands.
Section 14(g)
“(g) Notice of payment; penalty. Within sixteen days after final payment of compensation has been made, the employer shall send to the deputy commissioner a notice, in accordance with a form prescribed by the Secretary of Labor, stating that such final payment has been made, the total amount of compensation paid, the name of the employee and of any other person to whom compensation has been paid, the date of the injury or death, and the date to which compensation has been paid. If the employer fails to so notify the deputy commissioner within such time the Secretary of Labor shall assess against such employer a civil penalty in the amount of $100.”
Notes on Section 14(g):
The form prescribed by the Secretary of Labor is Form LS-208.
Section 15(a)
“15. (a) No agreement by an employee to pay any portion of premium paid by his employer to a carrier or to contribute to a benefit fund or department maintained by such employer for the purpose of providing compensation or medical services and supplies as required by this Act shall be valid, and any employer who makes a deduction for such purpose from the pay of any employee entitled to the benefits of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000.”
Section 28(e)
“(e) A person who receives a fee, gratuity , or other consideration on account of services rendered as a representative of a claimant, unless the consideration is approved by the deputy commissioner, administrative law judge, Board, or court, or who makes it a business to solicit employment for a lawyer, or for himself, with respect to a claim or award for compensation under this Act, shall, upon conviction thereof, for each offense be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or be imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.”
Notes on Section 28(e)
This was added by the 1984 Amendments.
Section 30(e)
“(e) Any employer, insurance carrier, or self-insured employer who knowingly and willfully fails or refuses to send any report required by this section or knowingly or willfully makes a false statement or misrepresentation in any such report shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000 for each such failure, refusal, false statement, or misrepresentation.”
Notes to section 30(a):
This penalty was changed in the 1984 Amendments. The amount was increased from $500 and the “knowingly and willfully” language was added.
Section 31(a)(1)
“Se. 31.(a)(1) Any claimant or representative of a claimant who knowingly and willfully makes a false statement or representation for the purpose of obtaining a benefit or payment under this Act shall be guilty of a felony, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $10,000, by imprisonment not to exceed five years, or by both.”
This section was changed by the 1984 Amendments, when a misdemeanor became a felony.
Section 31(c)
“(c) A person including, but not limited to, an employer, his duly authorized agent, or an employee of an insurance carrier who knowingly and willfully makes a false statement or representation for the purpose of reducing, denying, or terminating benefits to an injured employee, or his dependents pursuant to section 9 if the injury results in death, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $10,000, by imprisonment not to exceed five years, or by both.”
This section was added by the 1984 Amendments.
Section 37
“Sec. 37. No stevedoring firm shall be employed in any compensation district by a vessel or by hull owners until it presents to such vessel or hull owners a certificate issued by a deputy commissioner assigned to such district that it has complied with the provisions of this Act requiring the securing of compensation to its employees. Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.”
Note: This Certificate, Form LS-239, may be obtained by the employer by request to the District Director in the district where the covered operations will take place.
Section 38(a)
“Sec. 38. (a) Any employer required to secure the payment of compensation under this Act who fails to secure such compensation shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year or by both such fine and imprisonment; and in any case where such employer is a corporation, the president, secretary, and treasurer thereof shall be also severally liable to such fine or imprisonment as herein provided for the failure of such corporation to secure the payment of compensation;…“
Note: The amount of the fine was increased from $1,000 to $10,000 by the 1984 Amendments.
Section 38(b)
“(b) Any employer who knowingly transfers, sells, encumbers, assigns, or in any manner disposes of, conceals, secretes, or destroys any property belonging to such employer, after one of his employees has been injured within the purview of this Act, and with intent to avoid the payment of compensation under this Act to such employee or his dependents, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment; and in any case where such employer is a corporation, the president, secretary, and treasurer thereof shall be also severally liable to such penalty or imprisonment as well as jointly liable with such corporation for such fine.”
Note: The amount of the fine was increased from $1,000 to $10,000 by the 1984 Amendments.
Section 41(f)
“(f) Any employer who, willfully, violates or fails or refuses to comply with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section (furnish and maintain safe places of employment) … shall be guilty of an offense, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished for each offense by a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $3,000; and in any case where such employer is a corporation, the officer who willfully permits any such violation to occur shall be guilty of an offense, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished also for each offense by a fine or not less than $100 nor more than $3,000.”
Section 48(a) (as recodified; section 49 in printed versions of the Act)
Sec. 49. It shall be unlawful for any employer or his duly authorized agent to discharge or in any other manner discriminate against an employee as to his employment because such employee has claimed or attempted to claim compensation from such employer, or because he has testified or is about to testify in a proceeding under this Act…. Any employer who violates this section shall be liable to a penalty of not less than $1,000 or more than $5,000 ….”
Note: The 1984 Amendments raised the range from $100/$1,000 to $1,000/$5,000, and added the phrase, “The discharge or refusal to employ a person who has been adjudicated to have filed a fraudulent claim for compensation is not a violation of this section.”
General Notes to Fines and Penalties:
The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990 as amended by the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 has the effect of periodically changing the amounts of civil penalties provided for in the Act. For example, the maximum penalty for failing to file Form LS-202, Employer’s First Report of Injury, within 10 days was set in the 1984 Amendments at $10,000. Effective November 17, 1997, the maximum was increased to $11,000.
Fines and penalties assessed under the various provisions of the Act go into the Special Fund, but raising money for the Fund is not the purpose of the fine and penalty provisions. An insignificant amount of Special Fund receipts in any given year are due to fines and penalties. The fine and penalty provisions are intended solely to improve administration of the Act.
Section 8(j)
“8(j)(1) – the employer may inform a disabled employee of his obligation to report to the employer not less than semiannually any earnings from employment or self-employment, on such forms as the Secretary shall specify in regulations.
(2) An employee who –
(A) fails to report the employee’s earnings under paragraph (1) when requested, or
(B) knowingly and willfully omits or understates any part of such earnings … forfeits his right to compensation with respect to any period during which the employee was required to file such report.”
Notes on Section 8(j):
“A disabled employee” is interpreted to mean one who is actually receiving compensation.
U.S. Department of Labor Form LS-200 is used to request reports of earnings.
Any amounts forfeited under section 8(j) are recovered by offset against future compensation as determined by the District Director.
The Longshore Act does not provide for recovery of an overpayment directly from the claimant. The only recourse for recovery is to offset the overpayment against future compensation.
Section 8(j) was added in the 1984 Amendments.
Section 14(e)
“(e) If any installment of compensation payable without an award is not paid within fourteen days after it becomes due, as provided in subdivision (b) of this section, there shall be added to such unpaid installment an amount equal to 10 per centum thereof, which shall be paid at the same time as, but in addition to, such installment … unless such nonpayment is excused by the deputy commissioner ….”
Notes on section 14(e):
The employer is not liable under section 14(e) if it timely controverts the claim under section 14(d).
“Deputy Commissioner” means District Director.
Nonpayment is excused by the District Director based on a showing by the employer of conditions beyond its control.
Section 14(f)
“(f) If any compensation, payable under the terms of an award, is not paid within ten days after it becomes due, there shall be added to such unpaid compensation an amount equal to 20 per centum thereof, which shall be paid at the same time as, but in addition to, such compensation, unless review of the compensation order making such award is had as provided in section 21 and an order staying payments has been issued by the Board or court.”
Notes on section 14(f):
“…within ten days” outside the federal Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals means 10 calendar days. Within the Fifth Circuit (states of LA, MS, TX) it means 10 business days.
There is no defense, equitable or otherwise, to the 10 day requirement of money in the claimant’s hands.
Section 14(g)
“(g) Notice of payment; penalty. Within sixteen days after final payment of compensation has been made, the employer shall send to the deputy commissioner a notice, in accordance with a form prescribed by the Secretary of Labor, stating that such final payment has been made, the total amount of compensation paid, the name of the employee and of any other person to whom compensation has been paid, the date of the injury or death, and the date to which compensation has been paid. If the employer fails to so notify the deputy commissioner within such time the Secretary of Labor shall assess against such employer a civil penalty in the amount of $100.”
Notes on Section 14(g):
The form prescribed by the Secretary of Labor is Form LS-208.
Section 15(a)
“15. (a) No agreement by an employee to pay any portion of premium paid by his employer to a carrier or to contribute to a benefit fund or department maintained by such employer for the purpose of providing compensation or medical services and supplies as required by this Act shall be valid, and any employer who makes a deduction for such purpose from the pay of any employee entitled to the benefits of this Act shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000.”
Section 28(e)
“(e) A person who receives a fee, gratuity , or other consideration on account of services rendered as a representative of a claimant, unless the consideration is approved by the deputy commissioner, administrative law judge, Board, or court, or who makes it a business to solicit employment for a lawyer, or for himself, with respect to a claim or award for compensation under this Act, shall, upon conviction thereof, for each offense be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000 or be imprisoned for not more than one year, or both.”
Notes on Section 28(e)
This was added by the 1984 Amendments.
Section 30(e)
“(e) Any employer, insurance carrier, or self-insured employer who knowingly and willfully fails or refuses to send any report required by this section or knowingly or willfully makes a false statement or misrepresentation in any such report shall be subject to a civil penalty not to exceed $10,000 for each such failure, refusal, false statement, or misrepresentation.”
Notes to section 30(a):
This penalty was changed in the 1984 Amendments. The amount was increased from $500 and the “knowingly and willfully” language was added.
Section 31(a)(1)
“Se. 31.(a)(1) Any claimant or representative of a claimant who knowingly and willfully makes a false statement or representation for the purpose of obtaining a benefit or payment under this Act shall be guilty of a felony, and on conviction thereof shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $10,000, by imprisonment not to exceed five years, or by both.”
This section was changed by the 1984 Amendments, when a misdemeanor became a felony.
Section 31(c)
“(c) A person including, but not limited to, an employer, his duly authorized agent, or an employee of an insurance carrier who knowingly and willfully makes a false statement or representation for the purpose of reducing, denying, or terminating benefits to an injured employee, or his dependents pursuant to section 9 if the injury results in death, shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $10,000, by imprisonment not to exceed five years, or by both.”
This section was added by the 1984 Amendments.
Section 37
“Sec. 37. No stevedoring firm shall be employed in any compensation district by a vessel or by hull owners until it presents to such vessel or hull owners a certificate issued by a deputy commissioner assigned to such district that it has complied with the provisions of this Act requiring the securing of compensation to its employees. Any person violating the provisions of this section shall be punished by a fine of not more than $1,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.”
Note: This Certificate, Form LS-239, may be obtained by the employer by request to the District Director in the district where the covered operations will take place.
Section 38(a)
“Sec. 38. (a) Any employer required to secure the payment of compensation under this Act who fails to secure such compensation shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year or by both such fine and imprisonment; and in any case where such employer is a corporation, the president, secretary, and treasurer thereof shall be also severally liable to such fine or imprisonment as herein provided for the failure of such corporation to secure the payment of compensation;…“
Note: The amount of the fine was increased from $1,000 to $10,000 by the 1984 Amendments.
Section 38(b)
“(b) Any employer who knowingly transfers, sells, encumbers, assigns, or in any manner disposes of, conceals, secretes, or destroys any property belonging to such employer, after one of his employees has been injured within the purview of this Act, and with intent to avoid the payment of compensation under this Act to such employee or his dependents, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished by a fine of not more than $10,000, or by imprisonment for not more than one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment; and in any case where such employer is a corporation, the president, secretary, and treasurer thereof shall be also severally liable to such penalty or imprisonment as well as jointly liable with such corporation for such fine.”
Note: The amount of the fine was increased from $1,000 to $10,000 by the 1984 Amendments.
Section 41(f)
“(f) Any employer who, willfully, violates or fails or refuses to comply with the provisions of subsection (a) of this section (furnish and maintain safe places of employment) … shall be guilty of an offense, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished for each offense by a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $3,000; and in any case where such employer is a corporation, the officer who willfully permits any such violation to occur shall be guilty of an offense, and, upon conviction thereof, shall be punished also for each offense by a fine or not less than $100 nor more than $3,000.”
Section 48(a) (as recodified; section 49 in printed versions of the Act)
Sec. 49. It shall be unlawful for any employer or his duly authorized agent to discharge or in any other manner discriminate against an employee as to his employment because such employee has claimed or attempted to claim compensation from such employer, or because he has testified or is about to testify in a proceeding under this Act…. Any employer who violates this section shall be liable to a penalty of not less than $1,000 or more than $5,000 ….”
Note: The 1984 Amendments raised the range from $100/$1,000 to $1,000/$5,000, and added the phrase, “The discharge or refusal to employ a person who has been adjudicated to have filed a fraudulent claim for compensation is not a violation of this section.”
General Notes to Fines and Penalties:
The Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990 as amended by the Debt Collection Improvement Act of 1996 has the effect of periodically changing the amounts of civil penalties provided for in the Act. For example, the maximum penalty for failing to file Form LS-202, Employer’s First Report of Injury, within 10 days was set in the 1984 Amendments at $10,000. Effective November 17, 1997, the maximum was increased to $11,000.
Fines and penalties assessed under the various provisions of the Act go into the Special Fund, but raising money for the Fund is not the purpose of the fine and penalty provisions. An insignificant amount of Special Fund receipts in any given year are due to fines and penalties. The fine and penalty provisions are intended solely to improve administration of the Act.
